
Class Fze>^ 



B R U 


N s W I C K 


GLYNN 


COUNTY, Georgia. 


To the 


Exporter, Importer, Investor, 




Manufacturer and Merchant. 


To the Fruit and Truck Grower-^-- .. 




Stock-Raiser, Dairyman and 




Agric7iltiirist. ^^ .,, . .'0 -, j .>.;>.,„' ^■ 


To the 


Health and Pleas7ire See'ker. ' *' ' ' • • 


CLIMA TE UNSURPA SSED. 


Written by.... 


ISSUED BY 

^'^ THE BOARD OF TRADE, 


117 O T ^^S^ Brunswick, Georgia. 

Wm. S. Irvine. m ,902. 






TiiK Albertvpe Co., 

BROOKI.VN, N. Y, 



J 902 


BRUNSWICK 

. . .GEORGIA. . . 


J 902 



Brunswick is situated about half-way between Savannah and Jacksonville, 

Lx>cation. on the Georgia coast of the Atlantic Ocean, and within a few miles of the 

Florida line. It is built upon a peninsula — which is almost entirely surrounded 

by deep salt water streams — making the location unusually healthy, and at the same time 

offering shipping and commercial advantages that are unsurpassed. 



Population 
and Growth. 



The growth of population from 2,891 in 1880 to 9,081 in 1900 (according 
to government census reports) reveals an increase that has advanced Bruns- 
wick to the seventh city in size in the State of Georgia. It is now the second 

largest city in south Georgia and is a most important commercial point. The population has 

increased 25 per cent, since 1900, giving us to-day over 12,000. 

Within the past decade the port of Brunswick has made marvelous strides 
Commercial, in the various channels of its commercial progress and development. With 
but a limited banking capital wonderful results have been accomplished. 

The Port Operations for the past nine years reveal an increasing scale of percentage 
growth and valuations that has impressed its stimulating influence upon the material welfare 
of every other industry. The commercial record for both foreign and coastwise exports and 
imports for the past nine years is as follows : 

85,960,000 1896 Totals, $15,675,000 1899 Total $21,375,000 

9,940,000 1897 " 17,500,000 1900 " 24,375,338 

12,680,000 1898 " 21,409,000 1901 " 26,404,083 



1893 Total, 

1894 " 

189s " 



*5 



In foreign shipments of all classes of products Brunsivick ranks Second, having increased 
200 per cent, within the past nine years. 

Territorial ^^^ commercial territory subjected directly to the economical trade 

and traffic conditions existing at the Port of Brunswick is only limited relative 

Radius. to the volume of tonnage that can be delivered through its matchless harbor 

with its thirty-eight miles of deep water-ways — by its superior raihvay systems 

traversing the breadth of the United States — and by its reach of inland waterways penetrating 

the heart of the state. 

Transportation Brunswick has excellent transportation facilities, greatly surpassing the 

majority of all the southern ports. There are two lines of coastwise steam- 
Facilities, ships, Mallory Li/ie to New York, and the Clyde Line to Boston, Vv'ith regular 
weekly trips, carr}'ing both freight and passengers, and connecting at Bruns- 
wick with the Soiitheru Raihvay, the Plant System, the Brunswick and BirmingJiam Railway, 
affording direct connection with the Seaboard Air Line ; also with the Cumberland Route of inland 
steamers to Cumberland, Fernandina, and all Florida points ; with inland steamers to Jekyl Lsland, 
St. Simon Lsland, Darien, Sat ilia River points, and Altamaha River and tributaiy river points, etc. 

Foreign Steamship Lines : Besides the numerous sailing vessels that cany a large amount of 
the foreign shipments to the ports of Europe, Asia, Africa, South America, Central America, 
West Indies, and the various islands, there is a foreign steamship line to the principal European 
ports. This line is operated by P\ D. M. Strachan & Co., and does an immense export business 
with a good import trade. 

The Southern Railway with its 6,433 miles of track and unequalled con- 
Railroads, nections throughout the great southeast — from the Mississippi River to the 
Atlantic Ocean—has its deep water terminals at Brunswick, with excellent 
facilities for the shipment of both coastwise and foreign cargoes of coal, iron, grain, cattle, cotton, 
lumber, timber, naval-stores, and all kinds of manufactured products, from its vast territory, and 
for the import of every class of tonnage. 



77. />/.«/ SysU. extending its ..83 n,i.es of ^^^^f^^^T^^^^^^^ 
a,.d South Carolina, and connections '=^-'='^"*"?'!;^|"f'h7econorca export of pltosphate. 

for the import of all classes of tonnage. 

it connects with the Atlantic & Birmingham. ^ ^^.^^^^ 

The Railroad Company also owns and ^^ff^^^^^^^'^'^^ harbor on the South Atlantic 

frontage at Brunswick, which has ^^!;^^^^^^:Z completed will give 
seaboard ; ample dock and termmalfacihtiesha^^ 

the road a belt line entirely surrounding the C t> P^^^ "S^^^^^^^^^ j \^^ Birmingham to the Atlantic 
The Brunswick & Birmingham will be ^^e^l^ortcst rou e t om 1^^ ^ ^^^^^^^^ 

seaboard which great advantage insures its ^"^cess^^^^^ Truit land of Geo^rgia and Alabama 
lands, cotton fields, cotton factories, ^"^^^he trucking and ^^^'^^l^^^^^^^^^^^ being able to 

^:^^J^:^::T:^'s:^f^^^^:::! t^zX l. as timb^. co., iron, ste., 

^IStlfatrnfanrtuXod'cit.^ tntturn if kmds of imports from themarketsof the world 




Saw-Mill on Brunswick & Birmingham R. R. 



^ 



can be delivered by the Brunswick & Birmingham for distribution to the great industrial centers 
of the west at the lowest ocean freight charge, because of the unsurpassed deep water facilities 
at Brunswick, where three immense basins, or slips are to be constructed, each measuring 
300x2500 feet to accommodate the shipping; these slips will be equipped with every modern 
convenience for loading and unloading all classes of imports and exports, including, coal, iron, 
phosphate, resin, turpentine, cotton, lumber, fruit, general merchandise, manufactured products,' 
etc., and a special feature will be the mechanical devices for the rapid coaling of steamships 
thereby enabling them while en voyage to come in and coal and then depart on the same tide. 

These various railway systems, with their connections, place eveiy commodity throughout 
the length and breadth of the entire nation in direct touch with the deep water and other port 
facilities of Brunswick. The advantages of these railroad routes from the western and north- 
vv'estern points to this South Atlantic port, when compared from the same points to the north 
Atlantic ports, are emphasized not only by the shorter haul, and the comparative freedom from 
snow and ice, but also by the easier grades to the south and southeast, enabling the transportation 
of twice as much freight with the same motive power, coal supply and general operating expenses. 

The Port, Brunswick has the finest, largest and safest land-locked harbor on the 

south Atlantic and Gulf coast. The present depth of water in the ship-channel, 

Harbor. across the ocean bar at the open sea to the docks, is 25^ feet at ordinary high 

tide ; but because of the increasing number of large draft vessels entering the 

port much deeper water is to be available in the near future. In all there are 28 miles of deep 

water front convenient to the railroad facilities of Brunswick. 

The improvement of the ocean bar is unique, as compared with all ocean 

Ocean Bar. bar improvements, either in this or other countries, because of the fact that 

while all work has been suspended since November, 1899, the channel is 

substantially the same as when work was discontinued — not necessitating the expenditure of 

one penny for its maintenance, while other such bar channels, artificially procured, require 

large annual outlays to maintain them. 



The important point in transportation is the tonnage, and the available 
Facilities. carriers, with their per-tonnage cost per mile. The Port of Brunswick has 
the available carriers in its railway lines, and to every source of tonnage supply 
throughout the great southeast and middle west, and by being absolutely nearer to these centers 
of industry has the shorter mileage, thereby reducing the tonnage cost to a minimum : as for 
instance, Brunswick is 500 miles nearer to Kansas City, Memphis, Nashville, than New York, 
and nearer to these points than any other south Atlantic port. Brunswick is also the nearest 
Atlantic port to the Pacific coast, being 1,200 miles closer to the Pacific than New York, 
affording a logical port for the shortest trans-continental route. Besides being a nearer port 
to all these important points Brunswick has unusual advantages in its deep-water facilities. 
Because of the 25^ feet of water in the channel over the ocean bar, and an equally as 
deep a harbor, large vessels of great carrying capacity can enter with, and for, cargoes of 
unusually heavy tonnage. Vessels of large tonnage require great depth of water, and the 
cost per ton per mile when tranported by such vessels is less than can be given by lighter draft 
vessels. Add together these indisputable facts, the deep-water economy to the short railway 
mileage economy, and Brunswick's logical superiority is at once recognized. So true is this 
that the water freight rate from the South Atlantic and Gulf to the eastern coastwise points and 
return is based upon the rate from Brunswick to New York ; and not only is the rate made 
upon the basic conditions of Brunswick's advantages,but the actual freight passing in and out via 
Brunswick passes at much less rate than at other South Atlantic and Gulf ports. For instance, 
when lumber rates are based on Brunswick to New York at $5.00 per thousand feet, from 
Jacksonville and Fernandina the rate would be at $5.35 and $5.50; and from Savannah and 
Charleston $5.25 and $5.35. Freights from New York and eastern points via Brunswick to the 
interior show the same difference as to the decrease in cost of transportation. In foreign 
shipments the same proportion of low rates is just as manifest ; cotton to Liverpool, when quoted 
at 25 shillings, the Gulf rate would be 28 shillings and more; while "private terms" charters are 
invariably less than the regular rate because of the fact that shippers can get mixed cargoes 
here of cotton, cotton products, phosphate, iron, timber, lumber, naval-stores, etc. While 
the economical freight facilities, because of the present depth of the harbor and bar-channel, 



•V;;E?rSS-i^i~'.iK?5*T9-~',)raKi-S.''Si;-. 




City Wharf and Freight Terminals, Plant SvsTEt 



have reduced the south 's cost of transportation, it is to be seen what greater benefits will accrue 
when the projected depth is obtained. 

Before deep water was obtained at this port, once in 1890, and again in iSoc, one of the 
great trans- Atlantic steamship lines made an investigation with a view of the handling of their 
immigrant traffic in the winter months through this port, so as to avoid the ice and snow of the 
ocean and rail routes to their northern ports. 

Straight Ship-Chamiel : Owing to the ship-channel from the ocean bar right into the inner 
harbor being comparatively straight and both wide and deep, it is easily navigable- and it is a 
common thing for vessels to come in and go out under either fullsail or steam 'without the 
assistance of pilots, or being compelled to wait for tides. 

Lighterage Not Neccessary: Having deep water right up to the dock fronts and wharves, 
toge her with the deep channel, all vessels can be loaded alongside of the docks right from the 
freight cars— thereby saving lighterage expenses, a feature common to any port. 

Pilotage and Harbor Expenses : The pilotage fees average the same as at other American 
ports. Harbor charges are lower than any other port. 

Coaling Facilities : Besides offering opportunities for the coaling of the steamships engaged 
in trade wi h and through Brunswick, either coastwise or foreign, Brunswick affords an advantage 
for the coaling of steamships en voyage from ports of Central American countries, and from the 
Gulf ports bound to foreign ports, or vice versa. Owing to its nearness to the open sea, with a 
straight and deep channel, a protected harbor, condition of health, and low prices on coal etc 
steamships can save time and money by coaHng at this port. ' '' 

Port of Call and Refuge, For vessels short on cargoes Brunswick offers excellent advan- 
tages as a port of call Added to the conditions for coaling facilities Brunswick's shipments 
are so large and varied that there is always constant tonnage seeking charters. Supplies are 
reasonable in price; labor also; and with advantages of machine shops, foundries, marine 
railway, ship-building material, vessels can be supplied with the various marine necessities also 

As a port of refuge Brunswick's harbor is safe and out of the track of hurricanes 



COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES. 

Rflnkino- There is no point within the radius of the commercial and industrial 

empire designated as The Great Southeast that can as strongly and safely 
Capital. show such feasible possibilities and opportunities for investment in, and cap- 
italization of, commercial enterprises, as the port and city of Brunswick. The 
present volume of working capital is now outgrown and is utterly inadequate to the demands 
of the port's coastwise and foreign export and import commerce, necessitating the purchase of 
foreign exchange and bill of lading financial advances at other banking centres. A banking 
capital of fully $1,000,000 more is needed for the present volume of trade, not to consider the 
amount of working capital absolutely needed for the profitable factoring of naval-stores, lumber, 
cotton and rice ; for manufacturing enterprises and the development of a nearby territory that is 
now calling for legitimate co-operation of capital. Capital is needed to develop and exploit 
many industrial enterprises that will pay handsome dividends. Brunswick and the immediate 
territory affords intrinsic opportunities that must have the leverage of capital : And Capital 
Located at Brunswick^ thereby retaining at home the amounts paid out in interest alone 
to the financial centres of the East. This territory is actually suffering because of insufficient 
capital. 

p> .... What is true of the need of more banking capital is also as true of the 

need of more Building and Loan Capital. Hundreds of individual people 
Capital, own town lots who would build homes if they had the assistance of liberal 
capital. And many others would purchase land if they could see a reasonable 
prospect of building a home. This applies to the needs of the city ; but equally as great 
possibilities pertain to the thousands of acres of timber and farm lands in the countr}- that 
should be populated and developed. The bulk of the wage earners are living in rented homes, 
and the bulk of them receive wages equal to any in the nation relative to the economical con- 
ditions existing at Brunswick. And the demand for renting houses is far in excess of the sup- 
ply. This feature warrants more homes and calls for more capital. 




Southern Railway City Whari'- and J:''height Station. 



ex . . The trade possibilities with the IVes^ Indian Islands opens up an oppor- 

tunity for the successful operation of a line of steamships from Brunswick to 
Lines : these nearby and valuable markets. There is not now a regular steamship 

n re Needed service to these markets from any South Atlantic port. Considering the 
already immense amount of trade existing between them and the United 
States and its increasing volume, it is to be realized that there is a rich field for a line from 
Brunswick, wnich is the nearest South Atlantic deep water port, and by its unexcelled railroad 
connections to the interior affords advantages not to be obtained elsewhere on the entire South 
Atlantic seaboard. With the rapid strides during the past ten years within the immediate rail- 
road territory of Brunswick there is now no business reason why the various raw and 
manufactured needs of these island markets cannot be exported through Brunswick at 
a great advantage in time and profit, against the route from Baltimore and New York, 
and in turn receiving from them a great percentage of the products imported into this 
countr}' — at least that portion of them consumed in the South Atlantic and middle Western 
States. 

During the past year (1901) this group of islands, comprising the British West Indies, 
Cubri, Danish West Indies, Dutch West Indies, French West Indies, Haiti, San Domingo, and 
Porto Rico, imported from the United States various products amounting to $52,713,801, and 
in return exported to this countr}^ their own products valued at $81,735,917. The preponder- 
ance of the shipments sent from this countiy v;ere articles native to Southern conditions, 
markets, and manufacture ; yet but a fraction originated at Southern sources or were sent via 
Southern ports. Extending the same proposition further beyond the West Indian group lies 
the more extensive territory of South America, on the Atlantic coast, with the nearer countries 
of Venezuela and Brazil. And within reach is the profitable Central American countries. The 
exports from this country to the Central American countries in 1902 amounted to $6,484,347. 
In return they shipped to this country a total of $11,956,604. In the same year we ex- 
ported to the South American countries on the Atlantic Ocean division various products 
amounting to $32,647,952, and received back products of those countries amounting to 
$106,310,405. 



R nded d ^^ connection with the prospective inauguration of steamship lines to the 

IVfsi Indies and Central and South American countries, and an increasing im- 
Storage port trade with these and other countries, the need of storage and bonded 
'y^ . warehouses becomes apparent. Having these the interior importer will better 

realize the railroad advantages with their territories extending inward from 
Brunswick, and will adopt this plan of saving extra transportation and incidental expenses by 
holding reser\^e stocks at such an available point for distribution to the centres of consumption. 
And, also, for exporters to hold reserve stocks subject to foreign demand. The storage ware- 
house feature is also applicable to the coastwise traffic. 

^ t ic ^^^ Vi^Q^ of a line of steamships to either Baltimore or Philadelphia is 

one of the present and urgent demands. The volume of coastwise trade 

Steamship Lines between these centres and the South has grown to such an extent that the 

t Ph'l A \ W ^^^^ °^ carriers to move the tonnage has been an impediment to commercial 

^ * progress. With the unexcelled harbor advantages and a wide range of 

railway mileage, having shorter distances to the centres of the industrial, commercial, 

manufacturing, and agricultural sections of the South and Middle West, Brunswick offers an 

advantageous traffic basis of mileage, tonnage and transportation economy that stands without 

an equal. 

p. . . p Brunswick is without electric power in the day-time ; and without any 

street railway. The built-up section of the city extends for about 2^ miles 
and Railway, by i : then at the limits, and within two miles beyond to the east, are two set- 
tlements and two large lumber mills, while to the west is the Southern Rail- 
way docks and a settlement — between these extreme points there is now a population of fully 
15,000 people without any low priced carrier. In addition to these conditions there are beau- 
tiful places beyond the town limits suitable for amusements, parks, race tracks, ball grounds, 
picnic grounds, etc., several of which are in thick forests of spreading oaks, pine, palmetto, 
magnolia, etc., and front upon the inland water courses. That a day current of electric power is 
needed is a conclusion long since reached by the merchants, manufacturers, and household de- 




Wharf of Rosendo Torras, Spanish Consul. 



mands. As an opportunity for such an investment, no place in the South offers such unusual 
inducements as Brunswick. 

Wholesale and In the wholesale line there are several large houses in Groceries, Grain, 
Jobbing. Hay, Meats, Liquors, Dry Goods, Drugs, etc. 

— . -j There are Ai opportunities here for general jobbing houses because of 

low freights to interior points via Brunswick. Railroad facilities for handling 

Opportunities, such shipments are of the very best ; see article devoted to Transportation 
Facilities and Territory. Among jobbing opportunities are those of drugs, 

hardware, woodenware, tinware, boots, shoes, dry goods, clothing and general supplies. 



GENERAL INFORHATION. 

Cost of lots for building purposes depends upon the location. In the 
Real Estate, suburbs excellent sites are available costing from $25.00 per lot and upward; 
then advancing in price until the business centre is reached, where property 
has a greater value. 

Cost of Buildings : The cost of new buildings, of course, depends entirely upon the archi- 
tectural plan, its finish, size, etc. Taking a five room house as a basis: size of rooms 14x14, 
ID foot ceiling, with an 8 foot hall running through the house, and one room, kitchen, 12x12 
feet in rear connected by covered porch ; and piazza in front extending the width of the house ; 
all rooms plastered, or plastered on walls and ceiled overhead ; yellow pine material through- 
out ; two chimneys, one flue; fences, water fixtures, entire cost ready for occupancy, $750,00. 
Such medium sized houses are being built constantly. Using this basis which will average 
about $125.00 per room and same for hall and porches, a fair idea can be formed of the rela- 
tive cost of dwellings. 



Investments : The above facts connected with the unsupplied demand for homes demon- 
strates the opportunities for real estate investments in and adjacent to Brunswick. Many of 
the same features apply to the rural districts where land is now valued at prices running from 
$2.00 per acre up to $100.00, either cleared or covered with forest growth. 

Staple provisions of all classes are moderate, with a lesser cost in garden 
Cost of truck, fish, oysters, shrimp, etc., and ordinary fresh meats. Dry goods, cloth- 
Living, ing, and all wearing apparel, average prices. Household supplies, such as 
furniture, crockery, glassware, tableware, etc., are to some extent less than at 
other places. Coal, wood, gas, electric lights, ice and water, ordinary prices. Servant hire- 
cooks, $6.00 to $15.00 per month; nurses, $5.00 to $10.00; laundry work, $3.00 to $6.00 per 
month. Houses rent from $7.00 to $45 -oo per month, according to size and location of 
dwelling. The market prices of dwellings already built is wonderfully low, in this respect 
much less than at other points because of the low price of lumber and material. 

Taxation does not cause any hea\7 burden in Brunswick with property 
The Tax owners. The tax returns of the city for the year igoi amounted to a valuation 
Question. of $5,070,879 of both personal and real estate properties, but excluding those 
exempt from taxation; upon this total there is a tax rate of $1.40 on the 
$100.00— added to this is the state and county tax rate of $1.37^ on the $100.00, a total 
of $2.77^ on the $100.00. Under present conditions, there is a prospect of even this low rate 
being reduced within the next two years, because of the fact that the taxable wealth of both 
the city and county is steadily increasing, and the operating expenses are not. Or if con- 
templated improvements in the city and county, which are being agitated, such as paved 
streets, park extensions, purchase of water and light system, improved county roads, new court 
house, and others, are put into effect, there will not be any increase in the present rate be- 
cause the annual increases in valuations will afford ample revenues. The financial condition 
of both the city and county is excellent. The city's bonded debt is $262,000, and the county 
$61,000. Under present conditions the indebtedness of both city and county is being steadily 
reduced. 




Park Scene. 




The. National 5ank 
of^runswichc 




City Hall. 



Gloucestek SiKiii^r, 




U. S. Custom House and Post Office. 



Brunswick and Glynn county have a thorough system of graded, pubUc 
Educational, schools, from the primaiy department through the grammar grades and a fin- 
ishing course in the high school. The corps of teachers are carefully se- 
lected. The average attendance of pupils last season was 92 per cent., vv'hich was the highest 
in the entire state. Constant attention is given to advancing the methods, books, and the 
general welfare of the system all during the terms, which has had a marked effect in improv- 
ing the general interest of education. Graduates from the high school may go direct to many 
of the colleges and universities v/ithout further preparation. 

There are many first class private schools — kindergarten, intermediate and finishing, com- 
prising commercial courses. There are parochial schools of highest type. 

Besides the public schools the colored children have an industrial school, well provided 
for, under Episcopal management. 

There are several private music and art teachers, affording fair opportunities for those 
branches of education. 

There is Needed a still Higher Institute for the Education of the Youth of both Sexes, com- 
prising the branches of art, music, commercial, industrial and household economy. There is 
not such an institute in South Georgia, and Brunswick offers best advantages of climate, health, 
railroad facilities, low cost of supplies, etc. 

Both the city and the county are supplied with churches of the leading 
Churches. religeous faiths, as (white) Episcopal, Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Cath- 
olic, Second Advent and Jewish; (colored) Methodist, Baptist, Episcopal. 
Many of the edifices compare favorably with those of larger cities. 

A Young Men's Christian Association is to be organized soon. 

. .. There is a well-appointed Public Library. Also excellent libraries in 

^* the public and private schools. 



CLIMATE. 

There is no location in America which has a more equable and pleasant 
Climate. summer temperature than Brunswick. The mean temperature upon an 
average for past five years during the six months, April to October, is 77 de- 
grees. The highest average of any month is in August. The direct breezes from the ocean, 
six miles distant, brings into the streets the freshness of the sea, making unbearable heat an 
impossibility. There is no more delightful winter climate in the world, not even the famous 
resorts of France, Italy and other Mediterranean points. The average mean temperature 
from October to April is 50 degrees; the lowest average being in January. It is healthful and 
pleasant the year round. The preponderance of days in the year being clear. 

With a perfect system of sanitary sewerage and drainage, pure artesian 

Health Record, water, salubrious and delightful climate. Longevity outbalances its death 

rate. The average for past five years is, white 9 to 1,000. Colored 11 

to 1,000. 

As a winter residence for northern people its equal is not to be surpassed ; it is endorsed 

by medical authority throughout the country, 

c . Brunswick is supplied with the finest sewerage system to be found in 

bewerageana ^^^ American city. This system was finished in 1894, under the personal di- 
Sanitation. rection of the late Col. Geo. E. Waring, the eminent sanitary engineer. This 
magnificent system has been adopted by the U. S. Marine Hospital as a model 
system ; the government will construct a similar system at Havana, Cuba. The city and sur- 
rounding countr)^' have also been supplied with a thorough system of surface drainage. 

The quarantine system of the port of Brunswick is a matter of much importance from the 
fact that vessels from all parts of the world come here at all seasons. The United States Ma- 
rine Hospital Service has entire charge of this and it is needless to add that there is no danger 
of infectious disease coming in from other places. Thus, within and from without, our natural 




Southern ;;aii.;, .-.. i'KKNiii^Au .w.i.. :^iK/Wi-iAW Line. 




VViiARF OF R. R. Hopkins & Uo. 



location being upon salt water streams (fresh water being 12 miles distant), the highest 
sanitary precautions of man are present to insure immunity. 

Water . ^'^ture has provided, and the genius of man brought to light a wonderful 

yield of pure artesian water, from a depth readily accessible. These artesian 

Supply. wells are bored to a depth of from 400 to 600 feet and yield an unfailing sup- 

. P^y- The analysis of these wells disclose the medicinal value of the water 

as well as their purity for all domestic and manufacturing purposes. Here is one of them : 

Carbonate of Soda 8.083 I Sulphate of Lime , „, 

Sulphate of Soda 3.864 Sulphate of Magnesia '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.: '.'.'.'.oClt 

Sodium Chlonde 1.457 silicia o 068 



Sulphate of Soda 3.864 Sulphate of Magnesia o 61 1 

Sodmm Chlonde 1.457 silicia °oA 

Potassium Chloride 0.0S5 Organic Matter 1256 



These wells form the source of supply for the water work system. 

flisceUaneous. ^^^ ^^^y ^^^ ^ ^^'^^^ equipped paid fire department. 

, , . , * Al^ the popular secret socities are well represented in Brunswick, amonff 
them being lodges of F. & A. M., I. O. O. F., and K. of P., Royal Arcanum and Elks. 

There is one company of Volunteer Naval Militia located in Brunswick, and it is head- 
quarters for the Georgia Naval Battalion. 

There is also one company of infantry. 

During the winter months some of the best theatrical companies visit us, and for which a 
new commodious and up-to-date opera house has recently been erected. 

Our boulevards and drives are among the finest in the South. A system of parks are 
throughout the city. '^ 

Fishing and hunting are excellent in surrounding country, at a// seasons of the year offer- 
mg some feature^of game. 



WINTER AND SUnHER RESORTS. 

I . I In sight of the busy wharves of Brunswick, and but a few miles distant, 

^ is Jekyl Island — historic in the annals of Georgia's early settlement, and now 

Island, the winter home and resort of the Jekyl Island Club — an exclusive social or- 
ganization of the greatest American financiers, the membership embracing the 
wealthiest aggregation in the world. This club owns the entire island, and besides making it 
the most unique game preserve in America, having stocked it with game of wing and foot from 
the forests and fields of two hemispheres, have also erected magnificent buildings for their 
homes. To such an extent have these and other improvements, as landscape gardening, 
shelled roads, and boat landings, been added to the grandeur of the natural beauty of 
its forests, streams, and countour, that now it is styled "The Riviera of America." Reaching 
out eastward with its stretch of magnificent beach, into the Atlantic ocean where the sea green 
waters mingle with those of the balmy-blue gulf stream ; then spreading northward to the 
sound, where in the near distance St. Simon Island faces also to the sea ; then sweeping south- 
ward, where a few miles away lies Cumberland Island — the winter home of the Carnegie's; 
then westward to the " Marshes of Glynn," across which is seen the shipping in Brunswick's 
harbor. Historic in the early days as the one-time residence of General Oglethorpe ; famed in 
the reign of the West Indian pirates as the treasure island of Black Beard and Red Rover and 
other of this ilk ; the rendezvous of cut-throats, plunders, and scene of Indian massacres in 
the dying days of the eighteenth, and natal days of the nineteenth centuries ; the trysting place 
of British pillagers and freebooters in the war of 1812 ; notorious in the days of the '40s as the 
place where the last slave ship, the "Wanderer," touched America shores with its marketable 
human freight ; and now in the later years world-known because of its rich gentlemen's club. 
Books could be written of its beautiful evergreen and semi-tropical trees of oak, pine, palmetto, 
magnolia, bay, laurel, cedar, with their intricate draperies of Spanish moss, climbing vines of 
rose, bamboo, gypaea, creepea, jassamine, etc.; of the endless varieties of ferns and shrubbery ; 
of myrtle-bordered walks ; and miles of shelled driveways through vistas of semi-tropical flora. 
Among the handsome homes of the members are the Italian villa of Edwin Gould ; the French 







'-^^^MM^-^ 



Views on Jekyl Island. 




View of Sr. Simon's Island. 



chateau of the Maurice family; the cottages of Gordon McKay, Frederic Biker, N. K. Fair- 
bank, WilHam Struthers, Joseph PuHtzer, H. K. Porter ; beautiful apartment house " San 
Souci," owned by J. Pierpont Morgan, Wm. Rockfeller and Cornelius Bliss, and the " Im- 
perial " owned by Samuel Spencer and others. Among the club members are the following 
world known men : 

Officers — Chas. Lanier, The Messrs. Francis E. and Frederic Baker, Hon. Cornelius N. 
Bliss, M. C. D. Borden, Prescott Hall Butler, John Claflin, VV. Bayard Cutting, George J. 
Gould, Edwin Gould, J. B. M. Grosvenor, Eugene Higgins, Dean HofTman, Judge Henry E. 
Howland, the Goelets, Morris K. Jesup, John S. Kennedy, David H. King, Jr., Charles 
Lanier, J. Pierpont Morgan, J. F. O'Shaughnessy, Alfred Pell, Joseph Pulitzer, William Rocke- 
feller, Samuel Scrymser, Samuel Spencer, John A. Stewart, James Stillman, Oakleigh Thorne, 
William K. Vanderbilt, and Alfred Van Santvoord, all of New York City ; Charles Deering, N. 
K. Fairbank, Marshall Field, Cyrus H. McCormick, W. S. McRea and E. B. McCagg, of Chi- 
cago ; George Bleistein, Buffalo ; E. W. Clarke, Rudolph Ellis, Walter R. Furness, William 
Struthers, and John Wyeth, of Philadelphia ; Charles R. Forrest, Hartford ; James J. Hill, 
St. Paul ; Gordon McKay, Newport ; Henry K. Porter, Pittsburg ; William Cooper Proctor, 
Cincinnati ; Robert C. Pruyn, Albany, and S. D. Woodruff, St. Catherines, Canada. 

cf 5imon ^^ ^^^ same distance that Jekyl is from Brunswick is the summer resort 

island of St. Simon. More historic than Jekyl, and not exclusive to a limited 

Island. number of people, it is the glory and joy of thousands of inhabitants from the 

interior of the southern and middle western states, who flock to its surf and 

invigorating climate in the summer months, from May to October. St. Simon Island has been 

called the "Cradle of American Liberty." Here Oglethorpe, the founder of Georgia, in 1736 

planted a colony and built a fort, which he named Frederica. He found the soil and climate 

adapted to oranges, olives and other semi-tropical fruit ; oil was made from olives ; silk culture 

was successful ; and other similar enterprises encouraged. But the frontier trouble with the 

Spanish at that time interfered with the fulfilment of his plans, and the island became the field 

of war instead of peaceful pursuits. A decisive encounter between the two forces at Bloody 



Marsh, July 4th, 1740, virtually stopped hostilities, but the early return of Oglethorpe to Eng- 
land ended the bright prospects. But during his days it blossomed as a rose, and outrivalled 
Savannah in importance. Here the two Wesleys came and labored in 1736 — John at preach- 
ing, and Charles at Oglethorpe's side, as his secretary. Frederica to-day boasts the ruins of 
the old fort on the river side, and the barracks further in, both built substantially of adobe 
(oyster shells and sand) and English brick ; farther on, the low ridge of an earthern rampart 
still bears witness of a fortified town of considerable size. Beyond is a scattering pile of de- 
bris, marking the site of Oglethorpe's house. In an adjoining thicket dismantled vaults tell 
that the grim destroyer passed among them. Still farther on, surrounded by patriarch oaks, 
hoary with grey Spanish moss, stands a venerable tree, more kingly than all, which is pointed 
out as the oak beneath whose expanding branches, in the dim light of the forest there gath- 
ered both the red men and his pale-faced exterminator to listen to the words of the Great 
Spirit as spoken by John Wesley. Ever inward and outward through the groves, myrtle 
walks, and on the beach, Charles Wesley walked, meditated and composed the first hymns and 
songs of his immortal verse. 

The St. Simon of to-day is the mecca of the sea-loving tourist. Here they find history, 
tradition, legend and inspiration ; then revel in the forests; they lave in the surf; they find an 
elixir of life and energ}' ; and like Oglethorpe, they would have it that " Eden is again with 
us." 

Acco7nmodations — Two lines of steamers connect the island with Brunswick, in the summer 
season operating three boats. Two medium sized hotels and boarding houses, with numerous 
cottages, afford the accommodations for the public, while many bring tents and participate in 
a camp life. Owing to the abundance of garden truck, fruit, melons, poultr)', etc., raised on 
the island, and all manner of fish for the catching, with a local meat market, several grocery 
stores, and labor at reasonable prices, the summer season is passed in luxury and comfort. 
There is needed a large hotel with every modern convenience, not only for the summer season, 
but for the winter as well. The same natural and climatic conditions of Jekyl exist at St. 
Simon, assuring that a two-season hotel would be an excellent investment. 




Wharf of N. Lmanukl & Co. 



'^f^f?^ 




Looking down the Harbor. 



The H t 1 This magnificent hostelry was built a few years ago at a cost of $185,000, 

and has just been remodeled at ah additional expense, greatly improving its fa- 

Oglethorpe, cilities for the entertainment of the thousands of visitors and strangers coming 

into Brunswick. It has accommodations for 300 guests, serves an elaborate 

bill of fare, is well managed, and open all the year. This structure is built of brick with 

stone trimmings, and has large and ample piazzas. It affords beautiful views overlooking the 

harbor with its shipping, and the city with its tree-lined streets. 



INDUSTRIAL BRUNSWICK. 

Manuiacf ir'no- '^^^ various manufacturing enterprises in Brunswick are to a great ex- 

tent only infant industries. Although in comparison with the whole state 
Enterprises. Brunswick makes an excellent showing. The government census of 1900 
enumerates 73 establishments in the city limits, capitalized at $423,826, em- 
ploying 550 wage earners, using $551,817 of raw material, and producing $1,171,378 of fin- 
ished product. In the list of urban manufactures Brunswick ranks 8th in the State, only pro- 
ceded by cities of greater population and wealth. Just outside of the city, but within the 
county, there are 11 more manufacturing establishments with a capital of $253,733, employing 
344 wage earners, with a production amounting to $506,647 ; making in all a grand total of 
84 establishments, having a capital of $677,559, employing 894 wage earners, and producing 
an output valued at $1,678,025. Since the census was taken several new establishment have 
begun operation. In addition to these industries, while well diversified, Brunswick offers un- 
usual advantages for many others, and for some on a large and extensive scale. There are 
opportunities here for many enterprises necessitating but the employment of a medium amount 



of capital ; for there is a demand for the productions, and there is an extensive market, with 
every advantage of nature — climate, raw material, labor and freight rates. A special list is 
appended. 

riflnufictur'ncr Brunswick is the great concentration point for the raw material which 

exists in the forasts, mines and fields of the southeastern portion of the United 
Advantages, States. The three main trunk lines of railway, and their feeders, of that 
section, penetrating every source of supply, finds the shortest route to the At- 
lantic sea-board, with the lowest possible tonnage rates, at Brunswick, where, because of the 
deep water advantages and port facilties, the lowest ocean rates in turn delivers every class of 
product, whether raw or manufactured, to the markets of the world. Because of these ad- 
vantages and attending opportunities, Brunswick offers to manufacturers a low rate on iron, 
steel, coal, coke, etc., from Alabama, East Tenneesse and North Georgia ; a low rate on cotton 
and cotton manufactures from middle Georgia and Alabama ; a low rate on timber, lumber and 
timber products of gum, cypress, pine, oak, ash, tupelo and other woods from points within 6 
miles of the city outward to the spreading forests of Georgia, Florida and Alabama. 

I nhor There has never been any serious labor disturbance in Brunswick. The 

relative cost of labor compared to other points in the south is about the same ; 
Conditions, but there is a spirit of contentment among the laboring classes that assures 
the manufacturer a steady co-operation, which is far better and more profitable 
than a cheap and shiftless labor. Fully two-thirds of the male population, both white and 
colored, is employed in labor pursuits — on the various docks, wharves, warehouses, mills, 
factories and trades. Racial disorders have never disturbed the industrial, commercial, social 
or religious progress of the people. Perhaps at no place in the entire countr)' are labor condi- 
tions as ideal and satisfactory' as they are at Brunswick. One feature that has make these 
conditions is that a large number of the laboring population own their homes. 




Export Naval Store. Yards of the Downing Co. 







Bird's-Eye View of Lumber Wharves of Plant System, 

Showing offices of Cooney, Eckstein & Co., Chas. S. Hirsch &Co., Leatherbee& Co., 
Geo. S. Baxter & Co., Dexter Hunter, H. S. Johnson, Bradley-Watkins Co , and J. H. McCullough. 



INDUSTRIAL OPPORTUNITIES. 

Among many new manufacturing industries that will yield satisfactoiy returns upon in- 
vestment and energy can be mentioned the following : 

Taking into careful consideration the strong demand locally and through- 
out this rapidly developing section in agricultural pursuits, for its necessary 
Implement implements, and the raw material right in touch, on one hand, and the large 
Factorv sums sent to northern houses for such, it is evident that a manufacturing 
^" plant of this kind is badly needed. The demand in the West Indies to be 
considered. The available woods are hickory, oak, ash, gum and long and short-leaf pine ; 
these are in abundance ; also raw and manufactured iron in easy reach with low freights. 



Agricultural 



Awnings, 

Tents and 

5ails. 



Brunswick being a seaport the necessity of a plant of this kind, for sails 
especially, is apparent ; so far this product is not made here, but on a limited 
scale. Tents are used extensively by the sea-island resorters, fishing parties, 
etc., but are not made here. Awnings are made in very limited quantities. 



Judging by the quantities of these products sold here locally, and to 

Baking and ships for supplies, and by the wholesale and jobbing trade it is evident that 

Yeast Powders, an exclusive manufacturing of such products could be developed into a large 

supply plant. There are but three such plants in Georgia, and none in Florida. 



See article " Wood-working Plants." 

Only four such establishments in Georgia ; 



Barrels. 

le in Florida. Raw 
Basket Plant, material for such products is in ample quantities ; split white oak, bamboo, 
native grasses. Also see article "Wood-working Plants." 

Ample capital back of a vigorous amount of enterprise, would accomplish 
Boot and Shoe valuable results in a boot and shoe factory. There are only five such factories 
Factory. in Georgia, and none in Florida. Raw material, low freight rates, with other 
advantages, afford opportunities for a large and modern plant. 



Boxes, Crates, Abundant raw material at low cost, markets right at hand. Also see 

Cases. article " Wood- working Plants." 

R ■ k T'l d Plenty of raw material for brick, tile, jug, drain-pipe, etc., within seven 

^. 'pit miles, and further, with water transportation. A steady and strong demand 
^ ' in a growing market. 

„ . Raw material of palmetto fibre, grasses at hand, low freight on broom 

o . corn and lands available whereon broom corn can be successfully grown. 

Only fourteen establishments in the state, all of which are of small calibre. 

c ' A ^ rapidly developing territory demanding vehicles of all kinds, with plenty 

yj^ of best raw materials at hand, such woods as oak, ash, gum, cypress, hickory, 

* * pine, etc. ; low rates on raw and manufactured iron, and available skilled 
labor. Also see article on " Wood-working plants. 

For a large and thoroughly complete plant for general car construction 
Car Building Brunswick offers many unusual advantages. In a small way the Plant Rail- 
way System has for years built express and mail box cars in their yards at 
Brunswick at a saving of ten to fifteen per cent, over other points. Raw material of both long 
and short-leaf pine and other woods were obtained in the local markets. Most of the castings 
were made in the city foundries. Realizing the great hinderance in the dispatch of the various 
lines of railroad business that has been in existence for several years because of car shortage, 
the demand of this section for more cars is urgent. Also see article " Wood-working Plants." 

^ . , Outside of the (^yj-Zifr C««;//«^ industry there are excellent openings for ex- 

tensive canning and pickling operations, in schrimp, crabs, and scale fish, and 
Pickling. the surplus products of the Pear orchards and truck gardens, with an inviting 
prospect of special crops exclusively for canning and pickling purposes. The 
demand for American canned goods is practically unlimited, and has virtually driven the Brit- 
ish canner to American methods and even to America itself by the establishing of canneries on 




Lumber Shipping Docks of Benito Padrosa. 



our soil. This matter is now the topic of international discussion, developed by the recent 
granting of a charter by the State of Georgia to the British &• Southern States Cattle Abattoir 
&* Produce Co., Vtd. This company proposes to raise fruit and vegetables expressly for can- 
neries which they will also erect. This gigantic venture is to be launched in this section, and 
the port of Brunswick is to be one of the ports of its shipping operations. 

-,. R ft A Brunswick is a great consumer of these products, and with the im- 

' ' mediate territory of Georgia and all Florida, offers a rich field for such 

Condensed Milk, investment, as there are but four plants of this kind in these states. The 
p. . p fi f adaptability of the lands for raising of dairy stock-food has been success- 
^ ' fully demonstrated, likewise the success of dairying on a small scale, yet 

nothing has been attempted in the way of a creamery. The phenomenal results of cassava, 
ground-peas, and velvet-beans as a food for dairy stock has revolutionized the stock-raising in- 
dustry of this section. The large percentage yield of these productions with the increased 
percentages of the essential food-producing elements has opened up a wonderful future in the 
dairying industry, with its output of milk, butter, cheese, condensed milk, etc. The health of 
the stock is better, because the elements of this food-stuff act as a preventative of the usual 
ailments of stock, and at the same time is invigorating and strengthening. 

-,, ... A large establishment for general manufacture of clothing will find a 

^ profitable inducement at Brunswick. The amount of such manufactures pass- 
Factory, ing through this port for the jobbing and wholesale houses of the South and 
the Middle West demonstrates the great and growing market. The nearness 
of the city to the cotton and woolen mills of the South will place the raw material here cheaper 
than they can to the East, where the bulk of their output now goes, and after being manufac- 
tured returns to clothe the people that raised the product. The foreign markets also afford 
excellent buyers. Skilled labor and improved machinery will follow the capital — because of 
climatic conditions where living expenses are less, raw products less the freight, and a saving 
of time in transportation, with other favorable conditions. 



c i* r A li ^ large establishment for the manufacture of yarns, sheetings, fine 

fabrics, and knitting goods of all kinds, with thousands, or millions, of dollars 
Factories. to invest in a cotton plant of the most modern and improved pattern, wishes 
to find the basic point, the economical principle of having operating expenses 
reduced to the lowest cost, with the maximum of output, a brief study of advantages offered at 
Brunswick will be convincing. In considering the increased demand for cotton goods it is ad- 
mitted that the export feature is the ruling point ; that China is a great market, and that the 
West Indies, with the Central American and South American countries, offer a wonderful 
future. Brunswick affords port facilities for this foreign trade not excelled by any American 
port. Owing to the humidity of the climate at and nearby Brunswick the output of any cotton 
product manufacturing plant will be in excess of that of a similar sized mill further in the in- 
terior. This actual difference was practically demonstrated at Brunswick in 1893 in com- 
parison with Augusta mills. The question of labor does not arise, as there is adequate labor 
within this immediate section, much of which is especially suited to the cotton factor)' demands. 
Wages are relatively the same as in all southern states. The fuel question is economically 
answered by the railroads, who furnish low rates on coal. The equable climate of Brunswick 
supplies an ideal temperature all the year around. These advantages, with that of being so 
near to the fields of both upland (short staple) and sea-island (long staple) cotton, with both 
water and railroad transportation, offer unusual inducements. 

Besides offering a wide range of commercial territory, there are various 
Druggists' supplies of raw material in herbs and roots within the territor}-. Low freights, 
Preparations, a large territory, and no competition. For manufacture of patent medicines 
these advantages offer opportunities for investment upon a large scale. 

Raw material such as phosphates, kainit, potash, etc., are delivered to 
Fertilizer Brunswick at a very low rate ; offering an excellent point for a fertilizer plant 
Factory. which would have a large market throughout a developing agricultural section 
nearby. 

26 



rNflVAL S-roaE5 OF- 




U. S. Monitor "Amphitrite" in Brunswick Hakbor. 



Oglethorpe Bay. 



Furniture ^ large furniture factory equipped with every known modem manufactur- 

ing appliance will find raw materials right at hand in exhaustless quantities, at 
Factory. a minimum cost, with railroad and water transportation having low rates ; 
available skilled and crude labor with reasonable wages ; favorable climatic 
conditions ; a wide stretch of markets in the interior, and a foreign trade that is even novv' 
demanding products via Brunswick. See also "Wood-Working Plants." 

Hosiery and Knitting Mill. See article on "Cotton Factory," 

The present foundries here illustrate the fact that iron and steel manu- 
Iron and Steel, facturing plants prove good investmeuts. A large iron and steel plant is 
needed for the manufacture of car wheels, propellers, steamship castings and 
forgings, and all manner of special heavy castings and forgings. There are low rates on coal, 
iron, coke, and other raw materials from the mines ; and a feature of manganese ore in ballast 
being imported from Cuba, for the manufacture of steel. Considering the advantages of 
Brunswick for the location of a large ship-building plant, the development of the iron and steel 
industry is one of vital importance. The large exportations of pig-iron, iron and steel manu- 
facturies reveal the markets already available in foreign countries now reached via 
Brunswick. 

I . The manufacture of a high grade lime from oyster shells is a profitable 

Manufacturv industry. The raw material is right at hand, and the product is the best for 
^' all classes of building purposes. 

Lumber and Timber. See article on "Raw Materials." 

At hand are the raw materials of cotton, shucks, Spanish moss, palmetto 
Mattresses, fibre, excelsior, and wool, with cloth from the nearby hills, and a large out- 
lying territory for the marketing of the manufactured product. 



n*! r ff c^ A "^^^ wonderful development of this great industry reveals its 

' **"' strength. The amount shipped from Brunswick indicates but a small 

Cake and Other item of the demand. The nearness of the cotton fields, with a low 

freight rate, is what Brunswick offers, which is the point that begets the 

*"** * profit. This opens up a field for vegetable lards, oil, soap and such 

manufacturies. 

Patent fledicines and Compounds. See article "Druggists' Preparations." 

Pottery, Terra Cotta and Clay. See article "Brick, etc." 

Nearly six million pounds of rice annually go out from the immediate 
Rice Mills, neighborhood of Brunswick to points over one hundred miles away to be 
milled, factored and sold. This is sufficient evidence of the necessity for a 
strictly modern mill. This is one of the greatest possibilities. 

ch- H R f -^^^ ^ large and extensive ship-building plant, for both wood and steel 

bnip ana Boat ^^^ggjg^ Brunswick offers the most flattering advantages. At present there 

Building. are but four small plants in Georgia, and they are for the manufacture of 

_ , wooden vessels only, having in 1900 a capital of but $15,170, with nineteen 

Wood and btee . ^^^^ earners, and expending ;j5 12,000 for materials, including freight and 

machinery, and realizing a profit of $23,500 on their productions. During the past eighteen 

months there has been built at Brunswick one racing yacht and two tow-boats, omitting a large 

fleet of oyster boats, lighters, small river craft. Mr. W. H. Butler, formerly of Yarmouth, 

N. S., who had three larger contracts, states that he found all the various local woods perfectly 

adapted to the work. He used long-leaf and short-leaf pine (immense shipments of these 

woods pass through this port every week en route to the government navy yards, and to any of 

the large ship-building plants of the East), oak, ash, gum, cypress, etc. The wood work of each 

boat built revealed a net saving against same class of work and material of forty-five to fifty 

per cent, compared to eastern ship-building centers. The machinery cost the same as if 



delivered to New York with the freight added, as the bulk of this had to be purchased north, 
because there are no machine shops in this section now manufacturing that class of supplies. 
This cut down the net saving in construction to about ten per cent, in Brunswick's favor. 
Under a separate heading Ra7v Materials is a list of woods suitable for ship-building purposes. 
As to iron and steel ship manufacture there is the same advantage of nearness to the produc- 
ing points of the great centers of southern iron, coal, coke and steel. The cost of operation is 
less here because of more favorable climatic conditions, where work can be performed outdoors 
every working day in the year. 

- Available raw materials, low freight rates, nearby markets, with other 

^' natural advantages. See article on "Cotton-Seed Oil." 

- . vi A~ This matter is embodied in the general way under heading of Wood-work- 

ijpring t5eas. .^^ piantsr 

Sash, Doors and What is true of general wood-working plants is stronger relative to a large 
Blinds. factory producing stock-supplies of sash, doors and blinds. 

<s nit;"*; Syrup manufacturing from native sugar-cane is one of the leading indus- 

"^ ^' * tries in South Georgia. Larger areas are being planted each year. 

and Sugar. Better methods of manufacture of syrup are increasing the demand and the 

price. For high grade syrups the demand largely exceeds any probable 

supply at good prices. Secretary Wilson of the Department of Agriculture, and Dr. Wylie, 

Chief Chemist of that Department, take deep interest in this industry, and are seeking, with the 

aid of Congressman Brantley and other members of Congress, an appropriation of $20,000 for 

experimental work. The sugar content in the Georgia cane exceeds that of the Louisiana 

caaes, and the acreage yield under proper cultivation is as great. Our non-malarial climate, 

nearness to markets, and favorable transportation facilities, give us greater advantages over 

Louisiana. The sugar industry may in the future prove profitable. For years, however, there 



is a money crop in Georgia syrup, which, with that other certain money crop, Cassava, will 
revolutionize this section, and give us commercial independence if properly fostered. 

Trunks, Valises, An open territory, with every advantage of raw materials, labor and freight. 

The marked success of a small plant here demonstrates the success of a 
Tobacco, larger one, where the operating expenses would be reduced to a minimum. 
Cigars, etc. Low rates on manufactured output from Brunswick are the transportation 
advantages, to which must be added favorable climatic and labor conditions. 

Vinegar and What is true of this industry is true of the canning industry. Which see 

Cider. page 24. 

•^ t r d ^^^ center of the wool-growing industry of Georgia is but a few miles from 

,. , ". Brunswick, offering, with the other advantages of location, an excellent oppor- 

Manuiacture. . ^ • r , • 

tunity for extensive manufacturmg. 

W rl W k Whether it is boxes, barrels, baskets, stoves, cars, carriages, wagons, 

cooperage, furniture, sash, doors, blinds, bed-springs, ships, boats, agricultural 
ing Plants, implements, house-building lumber supplies, etc., it is evident that Bruns- 
wick logically holds a valuable franchise in the supply of the raw materials, of 
both wood and iron ; climatic conditions of health and temperature ; abundant labor, skilled 
and crude ; transportation by water and railroad ; markets at home, in the interior, and a 
foreign trade ; all to be summed up in the minimum of cost with more than a possibility of a 
maximum of profit. 




INTERIOI;; VlEV/ OF The DOWNING Co. BaHREL FACTORY. 



RAW MATERIALS. 

rpj . Also commonly known as Georgia and yellow pine. Used in all con- 

' struction work where great strength and elasticity is needed; likewise length 
Long-Leaf and size. Cuts are obtainable up to 70-foot lengths by 24x24 inches, free 
p. from blemishes. This wood is especially suitable for naval architecture for 

masts, spars, keels, etc. ; for building bridges, viaducts, trestles, and founda- 
tion timber work in buildings ; in car-building, for railroad ties, for piling, flooring, ceiling and 
general house-building purposes. Over sixty per cent, of this South Atlantic product, com- 
prising over 20,000 square miles, is situated convenient to transportation to Brunswick by rail 
and water. It is extensively manufactured by several hundred mills within this territory', 
prices ranging from $10 per thousand superficial feet and upward for best quality. Also the 
principal source of the naval-store supply. 

<,. . . - This timber ranks next to the long-leaf product in importance and value. 

It is freer from resinous matter, softer, more easily worked, and yet not less 
Pine. susceptible of a good finish. In fact it is often preferred by the cabinet- 

makers and the house carpenter to the long-leaf. While less tenacious, and of 
less power of resistance under strain, it is excellent for lighter frame work in buildings — for 
weather boarding, flooring, ceiling, wainscoting, cases for windows and doors, for frames and 
sashes of all kinds, inside doors, and for shingles. It is also suitable, and is extensively used, 
for car-building frame work, cross-ties, and for furniture manufacture. A great per cent, of 
this timber is available by railroad and water transportation to Brunswick, large quantities 
being annually exported through here. Prices range ten per cent, less than for the long-leaf 
variety. 
^ . p. A Uttle inferior to the long-leaf variety. It is of coarser fibre, but is gen- 

u an in . gj.^jjy ^^^^ j^j. Jong-leaf purposes, coming up to such requirements in the 
majority of cases. Its more open grain permits readier absorption of antiseptic solutions when 
such methods are used for preservation against atmospheric influences, or in contact with the 



soil in different out-door uses, although its coarse structure has not been proven as rendering 
it less durable without protection. It is obtainable in large dimensions, and is extensively 
used for all classes of wood work. Brunswick is also the nearest market to this product, by 
both railroad and water transportation, with low rates. Prices range a shade less than the 
long-leaf variety. 

Loblollv Pine Often confused with the short-leaf variety. It is a timber of great com- 

^ ' mercial importance, almost solely because it furnishes an abundant and cheap 

material for such purposes where the considerations of strength and durability are not the principal 
features. It is obtainable in large dimensions, from thirt) to sixty feet long, free from blemish, 
with a fair proportion of heartwood, and in many respects not inferior to either the long or 
short-leaf varieties. Because of the improved kiln-drying process it is niore valuable than for- 
merly for general building purposes, and for manufacturing. Large quantities are in this 
section, available to Brunswick by railroad and water transportation. Prices range from $8 
per thousand superficial feet upward. 

Oak Varieties "^^^^ timber embraces the varieties of live oak, water oak, white oak, post 

■ oak, red oak, etc. It has a large growth thoughout the South Atlantic States, 
and reaches a superior development within the Brunswick territory, to which place both rail- 
road and water transportation afford low rates. It is extensively used in ship-building, fur- 
niture, barrel, wainscoting, doors, and various cabinet-work manufacture. It is cut by many of 
the saw mills convenient to Brunswick, and ranges in price from $15 per thousand superficial 
feet up. 

Cypress '^^^^ ^t/egn of ivoods grows extensively in this section, and has three 

varieties, the red, the black and the white, the red being the commercial 
product. It is a wood of light weight, intermediate in strength, but surpasses other woods in 
durability. It is easily manipulated, has a beautiful grain, takes a high polish, and holds paint 
readily. While it is used to a great extent as a substitute for white pine, it is rapidly advancing 
in prominence in the finer uses for cabinet and finishing work, and for sash, doors, blinds, 




" Monsoon. 



Tug " Raymond." Built by W. M. Tupper & Co. 



shingles and laths. Large quantities are available to Brunswick by railroad and water trans- 
portation, and is manufactured by many mills in this section. Prices range from $15 per 
thousand feet upward. 

V ■ f ^^^^ timber has advanced rapidly in use and demand. It is available in 

' large dimensions ; is heavy, hard, strong in structure, and susceptible of a 
beautiful finish and polish ; suitable for furniture, sash, doors, blinds, mantels, various cabinet 
and indoor finishing. Available to Brunswick by railroad and water transportation, with low 
freights; is manufactured by nearby mills. Prices range from $18 per thousand superficial 
feet upward. 

Wh'te A h Large quantities available to Brunswick by railroad and water transporta- 

' tion, with low freights. Especially suitable for agricultural im.plement manu- 
facture, barrels, oars, cabinet work, furniture and finishing. Wood is heavy, hard, tough and 
strong, similar to oak. It is cut by mills convenient to Brunswick. Prices ranging from $18 
per thousand superficial feet and upward. 

Other Wo d Besides these woods there are available quantities of hickory, cedar, 

palmetto, magnolia, bay, tupelo, poplar and sycamore ; all of which are in the 
immediate neighborhood of Brunswick, and convenient by low rate by railroad and water 
transportation. Up the Altamaha river and its tributaries, the Ohoopee, Little Ocmulgee, 
Ocmulgee and Oconee rivers there are seventy-six varieties of marketable woods, fifty-six of 
which are hard woods, and in almost exhaustless quantities. 

1 umher Pate<; Lumber is shipped to Brunswick by car load rates from the various 

* interior mills at rates varying according to circumstances, ranging from $3 per 
car with six miles to $20 per car from points upward of two hundred miles distant. A car 
load averages 8,000 feet. 



PART SECOND. 



QLYNN COUNTY. 

The county of which Brunswick is the capital, like Gaul of old, is divided 

Area. into three parts — in this case they are soil, climate and advantages. Glynn 

County comprises a total area of 468 square miles, or 299,520 acres, in all a 

territory that is nearly one-fourth as large as the entire state of Rhode Island, but having but 

one-twentyfifth of its population. 

The soils of the rich alluvial lands of the interior of the state with their 
Soil. clay foundations lap into the sandy loams of the coastal range, creating a wide 

diversity of agricultural conditions. On one side of the county the red waters 
of the Altamaha river and its tribuLaries with alluvial deposits from the mountains and valleys 
of north and middle Georgia has been centuries building up a rich soil ; on the other side the 
wine-colored waters of the Satilla River have been depositing their wealth of equally as rich 
loamy alluvials ; and underneath lies a clay sub-soil which, while porous, retains a wonderful 
amount of moisture. These conditions have given to the county a 

1. Light Sandy Soil well suited to the various root crops, such as cassava, Irish potatoes, 
sweet potatoes (yams), turnips, beets, radishes, and all such varieties. 

2. The Black Hammock Lands where corn produces 25 to 35 bushels to the acre, equal- 
ling the marvelous yields of Iowa, Kansas, Missouri and Illinois ; and where wheat, rye, oats, 
barley and all grain crops make excellent yields. 

J. The Low-lands (not swamps), where a proper and inexpensive system of open drainage 
will bring into use an area of almost inexhaustible fertility, adapted to rice, hays, etc . 



4' The Tide-lands lying along the Altamaha and Little Satilla Rivers and tributary creeks, 
where by a thorough system of tidal drainage rice yields 47 bushels to the acre. 

5. The Rich-lands^ where by agricultural rotation of crops their adaptability affords a 
twelve months' yield ; where celery, sugar-cane, cabbage, and all manner of market and garden 
truck grow to perfection. 

6. The Fine-barrens and the reaches of scrub-palmetto lands in their wild state do not 
appear inviting to the prospective agriculturist and truck-gardener. Yet from these same con- 
ditions have grown the success of agricultural wealth, because they are produced from the soils 
mentioned above, that have by clearing and with but reasonable fertilization become a paradise 
of varied and valuable flora. 

There are no utterly worthless lands in Glynn County, or any extreme conditions that any 
reasonable man with pluck, energy and determination cannot overcome. There are opportuni- 
ties here for men and families with but little capital to engage in a healthy and profitable truck 
business. On the other hand there is not any room for the shiftless, indolent and dependent. 

Illustrative of the various crops raised in Glynn County in the year 1900, and their acreage, 
the State Agricultural Department gathered and published the following statistics: 10 acres 
in cotton; 2,000 in corn; 5 in wheat; 1,000 in oats; 25 in rye; 1,000 in rice; 1,000 in sugar- 
cane ; 100 in Irish potatoes ; 1,000 in sweet potatoes ; 1,000 in field-peas ; 300 in ground-peas; 
500 in garden vegetables. To this should be added about 30 acres in cassava ; 10 in sorghum; 
and 300 in melons. The yield per acre was about 1,200 pounds of cotton ; 25 bushels or corn ; 
5 bushels of wheat ; 30 bushels of oats ; 47 bushels of rice ; 80 to 200 bushels of Irish potatoes ; 
200 to 400 bushels of sweet potatoes (yams) ; 20 bushels of field-peas ; 30 bushels of ground-peas ; 
300 to 630 gallons of sugar-cane syrup; i o tons of cassava; garden truck yields are given elsewhere. 

What is being done now in Glynn County, and right around Brunswick, 
Trucking. in the truck garden industry, is more to the point than to dwell upon glittering 
theories as to possibilities. That the lands of the county will produce a large 
variety of garden truck, prolifically, economically, and commercially profitable has been demon- 
strated time and again. 



Brunswick is the center of a large trucking business, and within this vicinity great progress 
has been made. The value of this industry in 1900 amounted to $50,000, holding fourth 
position in the state. There is room for others who can make a profitable living in supplying 
the home market as well as reaching out to the markets of the East and West, 

A few years ago Mr, Fred. Baumgartner came to Brunswick and purchased seven acres of 
land right on the outskirts of the city, in the pinewoods, and further encumbered with a thick 
undergrowth of scrub palmetto, myrtle, and other wild bushes, an adverse rather than an 
average condition of available lands. He fenced it in, built a neat cottage, bored an artesian 
well and then began the raising of garden truck and poultry. He says : " I was informed by 
many of the native population that I would not raise sand-flies on that place, that if I wanted to 
raise vegetables I should get a low place where the land was heavy and damp. I differed with 
my advisors, however, not even selecting any particular ^..ace here in the woods. I cut off the 
pine timber and cleared off the underbrush as soon as my house was built ; then I bored an 
artesian well so I could irrigate my truck-beds by sprinkling, instead of the sub-soil method. 
Then I began to plant ; I used manure and a small per cent of fertilizers. Without going into 
further detail will say that from then till now there has not been a week or day in any season 
but that some vegetable or other has been prolifically growing on my little farm. I have 
cleared handsome profits from the beginning. In addition to the trucking feature the same 
success has been with poultry and a small apiary. I do not consider that any locality can 
exceed the possibilities of this section for any of these farming industries, whether on a small 
or a large scale. Brunswick consumes ever}'thing I raise, and if I could raise ten times as 
much there would be a demand right in Brunswick for it. I never had to even think of 
shipping away a thing." 

In 1900 Mr. T. W. Bolt, on the Atkinson place, in the suburbs of Brunswick, raised on 
one-sixth of an acre of average land 1900 cantaloupes of the Rocky-ford variety, and began 
shipping them to the markets of Massachusetts on May loth; on one-fifth of an acre he 
successfully grew 100 bushels of tomatoes; one acre of Irish potatoes yielded 500 bushels, 
300 of which were shipped to eastern markets, commencing April ist. For a rotation of truck 

36 




Residence, Magnolia Model Farm, 



crops he planted and harvested on the same acre Irish potatoes, followed by sugar-corn, then 
sweet potatoes (yams), then white turnips, and had cabbages to follow before the twelve months 
were out ; almost five crops. He states that he has successfully grown from 8,000 to 12,000 
cabbages, of the Florida Header variety, to an acre; and 100 bushels of turnips. 

Another successful gardener who grows truck and lemons for eastern markets is Mr. Dorr. 
He came here a few years ago from the East, and located about four miles from town upon a 
plot of average land. He states that the soil, climate and shipping advantages are excellent, 
enabling him to get his products to an early market with profitable returns. 

After a careful investigation by several South Carolina truck gardeners, relative to the 
advantages here for a similar industry on a large scale, they became thoroughly satisfied and 
enthusiastic, purchasing 200 acres of average land convenient to the Southern Railway, to 
engage in extensive growing of early truck, cantaloupes, watermelons and cassava. 

During the past year several German families have located on lands convenient to the 
Brunswick & Birmingham Railroad and the Southern Railway to engage in the trucking industry, 
raising produce for the western markets. 

Considering that for several years the vicinity of Norfolk, Va., has shipped eleven per cent, 
of the garden and market truck raised in the United States, and that Brunswick is fourteen to 
thirty days earlier on account of climatic conditions ; and now with unsurpassed transportation 
facilities by rail and steamship to boom the eastern and western markets, it can be seen why 
this vicinity has steadily grown in the trucking industry. 

A Model ^^' ^' ^' C^^PP' ^ prominent citizen of New York, and Mr. Herbert W. 

Lloyd, a well-known nurseryman of Massachusetts, have equipped a model farm 
Farm. adjoining the city limits of Brunswick, which comprises one hundred acres of 

land, for the purpose of engaging extensively in trucking, dairying, fruit grow- 
ing, poultry and stock raising. Special attention is devoted to cassava, sugar-cane, alfalfa, vel- 
vet beans, Irish potatoes, sweet potatoes and strawberries, as well as garden truck of various 
varieties. Several acres are to be given to cantaloupes, watermelons, grapes, etc. Pecans, 
Japanese walnuts, plums and persimmons, peaches, pears, apricots, apples, olives, etc., are to 



be largely planted. The barns are to be stocked with the best breeds of dairying cattle, with a 
view to better develop this industry. A prominent feature also, will be that of poultry raising, 
to which a large amount of space is to be given. A new and beautiful ten-room house having 
every modern convenience, faces the boulevard, surrounded by the farm. Artesian wells sup- 
ply pure water for domestic and irrigation purposes. 

Truck ^^^ variety of garden truck embraces a list of products raised in Florida , 

South Carolina and Georgia, all of which make quick and profitable returns 

Varieties. in this vicinity, and especially in this county. The following is by no means 

the only varieties that can be successfully grown here, for each year new ones 

are added : Asparagus, Artichokes, Beans, Beets, Corn (sugar), Cabbage, Carrots, Cauliflower, 

Celery, Cassava, Cucumber, English peas. Egg plant, Kershaw, Lettuce, Leeks, Melons, (See 

special article), Okra, Onion, Pumpkin, Pepper, Parsley, Parsnip, Pop-corn, Potato, Irish and 

sweet, Peas, Peanut, Radish, Rhubarb, Squash, Turnips, Tomatoes, Velvet beans, etc. 

Fruits rielons ^^^ coast section of Georgia, near Brunswick, produced the Le Conte 

' ' pear. The first fame of Georgia peaches went out from her coasts. The 

Berries, Nuts, burden of Oglethorpe's efforts to colonize Georgia was based upon the fruits 
that the soil and climate could yield, and he demonstrated that fact on land 
that afterwards became Glynn county. Some idea of the liberality of the soil and climate can 
be gained from the list of fruits, melons, berries and nuts, successfully grown here now. Mr. 
Charlton Wright, who has a large farm a few miles north of Brunswick, has cultivated fruit and 
pecan-nuts for several years, and states : " About twelve years ago I was impressed with the 
possibilities of the pecan industry. I read up, studied the matter, and decided to try it. I 
thought that if the hickory tree could grow so luxuriantly and prolifically in this climate, and 
on these soils there should be a strong prospect for the pecan I planted out a number of 
young trees purchased from a nursery, but they died ; I did not give up, however ; I tried an- 
other plan. I purchased the nuts themselves, getting different varieties, and planted them ; 
they sprouted and grew rapidly. I then transplanted to a field I had laid out for a pecan 

38 



AT^Q-VDC. S.S.LINE^, 




Wharf of Jas. E. Broadhead. 



Cross Tie Wharf of Brown & Co. 



grove, and each year afterwards I continued the same plan. When my own trees began to 
bear I began a small nursery, using the nuts of my own trees, then transplanting them until 
now I have over 40 acres in Pecans. I find a ready market for every pound. Relative to 
fruits, about eight years ago I planted out a variety of young peaches and quinces, and added 
to the number each year. Many of the original trees are standing and bearing each pro- 
lifically. Have always been able to dispose of every peach, and always receiving better prices 
than the peaches shipped from West Georgia. The Elberta, of course, being the favorite. In 
peach growing I would advise, in order to get the largest possible yield at the smallest cost, 
for a grower to plant a certain per cent, of new trees each year, and then at the sixth year cut- 
ting out and destroying his planting of the sixth year previous. It pays better to do this any 
way, thereby having a virgin tree with a healthy virgin fruit, rather than to be coaxing the 
trees to bear heavily each year which they will not do after they are seven or eight years old, 
as a rule, in this day of nursery stock. My lands are the same as the average Glynn county 
land. As a paying business I consider fruit and nut growing in this county to be a judicious 
investment, yielding magnificent returns." 

I . . I A list of fruit trees adapted to this section and county has been published 

by the State Agricultural Department, showing the varieties, and in the fol- 
Fruit Trees, lowing schedule they are given in detail, together with a general summary of 
fruits, nuts, melons and berries. 

Apples : Of the different varieties successfully grown in Georgia, six develop well in 
Glynn county : the Red Astrachan, Early Harvest, Etowah, Family, Mitchel's Cider and Red 
June. The Red Astrachan, Red June and Early Harvest are suitable for summer markets. 
The Etowah is a winter market variety. The Mitchel's Cider is the best cider variety grown. 
The Family is an all around variety, and suitable for drying. 

Cherries do well, although no effort has been made to demonstrate the success. 

Figs : The fig tree grows luxuriantly and yields bountifully here, not only on our mainland 
but on our islands. 



Grapes : Of the nineteen varieties that thrive successfully in every respect in Georgia, 
eight attain their highest state of development in this section and county ; they are the Con- 
cord, Delaware, Ives, Norton's Virginia, Flowers, Scuppernong, Thomas and Warren. 

Japanese Plums and Persimmons : See under headings of plums and persimmons. 

Pomegranates : Both the acid and sweet variety flourish luxuriantly, with large and 
healthy yields. 

Peaches : The most successful varieties grown in Glynn county are Amelia, Elberta, 
Hale's Early, Mountain Rose, Rivera and Thurber. Of these the market varieties are Elberta, 
Hale's Early, Mountain Rose. For eastsrn and western shipping Elberta and Mountain Rose. 
New varieties are being added from time to time. 

Pears : This is one of the most successful fruits in Glynn county, because they have 
been extensively grown. The best varieties are Bartlett, Beurre Clairgeau, Duchess d'Angou- 
leme, Flemish Beauty, Howell, Keiffer, Le Conte, St. Micheal Archangel and Sekel. These 
varieties present a regular order of maturity, first St. Michael Archangel, Howell, Duchess 
d'Angouleme, Sekel, Bartlett, Le Conte, Flemish Beauty, Buerre Clairgeau and Keiffer. 

Plums : Nearly all the plum varieties thrive well and bear heavily. This is especially 
true of the Japanese and imported varieties. 

Persimmons : The native wild persimmon bears luxuriantly. The Japanese variety has 
been successfully grown, yielding unusually large fruit, and very prolifically. 

Quince : This fruit is as successful as the pear. The Chinese quince is a wonderful bearer. 

f^nfc The hickory is a native' to the climate and the soil, growing to large size 

and very prolific. The walnut is adapted to these conditions.^ But for the 

market growing the Pecan and the Japanese walnut yield quicker returns. The s"uccess of the 

Pecan has long since passed the experimental stage. The Japanese walnut is a new product, 

and from reports will soon be established as a staple one. 



-- I The summer tourist who has been abiding during the hot months on the 

neighboring islands for the many years gone by, has spread the fame of 

Glynn county watermelons and cantaloupes. Now a great deal of attention is given to the 

extensive growing of the luscious products for the eastern and western markets. The melons 

raised here are noted for their fine flavor. 

D __iec '^^^ native Georgia blackberry is at its best growth in this section ; they 

are of a large size and are easily cultivated. 

The strawberry grows luxuriantly, and is successfully grown for early marketing. Rasp- 
berries, huckleberries, in fact all of the berry kind thrive well, and are paying crops. 



EXTENSIVE FARMING. 

The first successful growth of sea-island cotton was made in Glynn county, near where 
the city of Brunswick is now located, in 1 738 ; the first sugar factory in Georgia was erected 
in Glynn county in 1820, to manufacture home raised sugar-cane, Georgia at that time holding 
a high place in that industry. The first successful experiments in Georgia upon an extensive 
scale in cassava culture was made in Glynn county ; the rice grown in this county is of a 
superior quality, and holds preference in the markets ; the acreage yield and quality of corn is 
magnificent, comparing in every respect with that of the West. These statements of five 
staple crops that can be grown upon a large scale in the county, and which can be sold as raw 
products in the markets, or for material for local manufacture : cotton, corn, sugar-cane, cas- 
sava and rice, reveal openings for extensive and profitable farming. 

p. The growing of rice in Glynn county for marketing has been in vogue 

since 1800. The quality of the product places it high in the market, being 

of unusual fine grade, size of grain, nutritive content and percentage of whole grain. The 

acreage yield averages 47 bushels. At present there is only about 1,200 acres devoted to rice 



culture, and almost entirely along the tide waters of the Altamaha river. There is fully 35,000 
additional acres of lands in the county suitable for both the tidal processes of irrigation culti- 
vation, and for the irrigation process by artesian wells and pumping, commonly known as the 
canal or super-surface system, also as the Louisiana method. There is a strong demand at 
home and in the West Indies for rice. 

Suirar Cane ^^^ pine-lands are most inviting fields for sugar-cane culture. An 

analysis of our sugar cane juice reveals a higher per cent, of sugar content 
than that of the Louisiana cane, with a profitable acreage yield, netting a better return in sugar 
manufacture than can be offered at the Louisiana fields. The increasing demand for Georgia 
cane syrup in itself a strong stimulant for a more extensive cultivation of sugar-cane. The 
average yield per acre in this county is from 300 to 630 gallons of syrup. There is fully 
60,000 acres of land in the county adapted to the successful cuhure of this product, and range 
from $2.00 per acre upward. 

Cotton Glynn county soil and climate profitably produce Sea-island (long-staple), 

upland (short-staple), and the Egyptian cotton, with but slight variation in the 
quality of the fibre. There are 6o,ooo.acres of cotton lands in the county. That large acreage 
of these three cottons will be profitable investments stands to reason if the crops can be sold to 
local manufacturers. The strong and growing demand for sea-island and Eg)'ptian cotton 
manufacturies increases the opinion that factories located in the fields can supply these demands 
with more economy than the factories that have to either purchase their raw materials hundreds 
of miles away from its home, or else ship their output hundreds of miles before reaching a 
market. By the cultivation of these three cottons in Glynn county the producer will encourage 
the erection of local mills to consume the crops, and who by this saving of freight can pay more 
for the raw product. The demand for cotton products in the West Indies is but one of the 
many nearby markets. 

Cassava. This is a new crop for Gorgia, having been previously known here in a 

vague way, and not until a few years ago was it recognized commercially in 

Florida. Perhaps its greatest value lies in its use as a stock food. Extensive experiments 



throughout this section has demonstrated its wonderful properties for such purposes, besides 
solving a problem for an economical crop for large acreage. Taking into consideration the 
relative low cost of production, with its high percentage of net profit, cassava is not only 
destined to be, but already has been the inspiration for the extensive development of stock 
raising for market, both for home and for shipment. In addition to furnishing a food for stock, it 
is also excellent for poultry and mankind. Relative to its success as a stock food refer to 
article on ^tock Raising. Next to the use of cassava as a basis for the economical feeding of 
stock, it presents a raw product for the m.anufacture of an unrivaled starch. Cassava starch is 
the acme of commercial and fabric starches. Its manufacturing process has passed through 
the experimental stages, and it is no longer an unknown problem, but now attracts investment. 
The demand for cassava for this manufacturing has increased the acreage, but even now the 
supply is entirely inadequate. As a surplus crop to sell to these factories it will bring from 
540.00 to $70.00 per acre. 

^ Corn grown luxuriantly with large yields, from 25 to 35 bushels per acre, 

the average for the state is only 11^. 2,000 acres are planted annually, but 
which is not one-tenth enough to supply the home demand. Lands throughout the county will 
produce satisfactory yields. 

Grain, Hay and Bermuda, crab-grass, volunteer-grass and beggar-weed have a large natural 

.. growth. Hays from these have yielded 10,000 pounds per acre in a season. 

80 bushels of rye and barleys own together have been harvested in one season. 

Stock Foods. Rice straw mixed with volunteer and crab-grass affords a good hay. The 

pea-vines and velvet beans also furnish an almost exhaustless supply of vine 

hays. Ground-peas yield 30 bushels, and field-peas 20 bushels per acre. These hays with cassava 

and corn furnish an abundant as well as low cost stock foods. 

^.. Experiments in this section have proven that broom-corn of a good com- 

o * mercial quality can be profitably grown here, thereby offering a source of supply 

tsroom=corn. ,11,, r. 

to local and nearby manutacture. 



T bacco Tobacco has been grown in the county for years, but not for marketing 

purposes. Counties adjacent to this have placed excellent grades upon the 

market. There is no reason why an extensive tobacco culture would not yield satisfactory results. 



FERTILIZERS. 

Commercial fertilizers are seldom used in Glynn County, The alluvial deposits that have 
been accumulating for centuries from the interior, and have been spread out by annual overflow 
of the rivers, or gathered up by the ocean tidal-currents and formed into the large areas of 
marshes, yield a production that has been found to be an excellent soil enricher These marsh- 
mucks and hammock-mucks, as they are commonly called, contain elements of decomposed and 
thoroughly mixed vegetable and organic matter, and when plowed into the loamy soils, then 
followed by ordinary cultivation, cause highly productive yields of all suitable crops. Deposits 
of marl are also found in many places, which form an excellent fertilizer. The addition of 
stable, cow-lot and barn-yard manures to the natural condition of the soil constitutes the greater 
percent, of present methods. 



IRRIGATION. 



Nature has not only supplied Glynn county with a liberal variety of soil of the best quality 
for successful agriculture, and a sympathetic climate, but has added to these a wonderful and 
unlimited supply of pure water for drinking and irrigation purposes. The zenith of success in 
raising and marketing all classes of truck is to have never failing crops, and in order to be as- 
sured against failure is to be prepared to utilize artificial rain, in other words to irrigate. 
While without irrigation all spring, fall and winter crops are a certainty, yet the fickle summer- 
weather almost cuts off the raising of truck after the latter part of June and up to October. 
But by irrigating and care, large crops can be raised during the summer days. Underlying the 



soil from eighteen to forty feet are good waters, and while suitable for all domestic purposes, 
also furnish a source for irrigation. These streams- are reached by pumps being driven into 
the ground-yielding earth (well digging is an unknown process here), and can be pumped into 
tanks by wind-mills or small engines. But generally this cost is almost as great as that of sink- 
ing artesian wells. All the artesian wells in this section are self-flowing, rising to a height of 
40 feet above the soil with a 50 pound pressure to the inch. The subterranean reservoirs af- 
fording this inexhaustible supply are reached at a depth from 250 to 300 feet, known as the 
first supply, then again from 350 to 475 feet, the second supply. This latter is stronger m 
pressure, and impregnated with more mineral matter. These wells are sunk by local experts 
who guarantee a flow as above stated, at a cost ranging from $250 up, according to size of pipe 
and depth of well Owing to the comparatively level lay of the lands throughout the county, 
yet with a natural drainage, the problem of trenching and ditching is reduced to a minimum. 
A system of above surface sprinkling, similar to the lawn sprinkler, has proven to be a decided 
success also. 

LIVE STOCK. 

Mile after mile of undulating lands covered with a forest growth of pine, oak and other 
trees, affording ample shade, while in the low places running streams offer an abundance of 
drinking water ; and having an adaptable soil for cultivation, yet at all times carpeted with a 
natural growth of wire-grass, Bermuda, crab-grass, beggar-weed and other native grasses, is a 
true description of the cattle ranges throughout the county, and whereon is needed more stock 
to graze and prepare for a market right at hand as well as for shipment. These natural con- 
ditions can be greatly improved by the cultivation of special food-stuffs as cassava, velvet- 
beans, ground-peas, cow-peas, corn and grain ; the harvesting of the natural hay crops ; and 
the breeding of better stock than the natural scrub-stock at hand. No other movement has 
received such prominence and success as this industry within the past few years. The favor- 
able results in the growing of the native stock, with its profitable marketing, with a stronger 



demand for larger sizes, has greatly stimulated this important enterprise. The feature of low- 
priced lands, natural growih of plant-food grasses, cheapness of cultivation of other economical 
food-plants, climate conditions, excesses of neither heat nor cold ; abundant labor at reasonable 
prices ; ample transportation facilities by both rail and water ; and a market within a minimum 
distance. Relative to cassava as a stock-food a prominent breeder states : 

" Having been in the stock business all my life, I always like to bring things down to a 
practical illustration, to show what we can do in the stock business, as I am claiming that this 
is to be of great advantage to the stock grower. And when I say that Georgia, today, is 
paying out tens of thousands of dollars every month for beef brought in, butter brought in, 
pork brought in, etc., and does not raise enough to supply its own citizens, I think you will 
agree with me that we should bring this down to a stock-raising proposition. 

" Now, we will take the average weight of a good fair steer running in our woods, the 
market price today, what it will cost to feed him loo days, what he will gain in that loo days, 
and the market price he will fetch and see where we are at : 

I steer, weight 500 lbs., at 2 cents #10 00 

I steer, fed 100 days 20 lbs. cassava per day, at $2 per ton, cost at farm 3 00 

I steer, fed loodays 3 lbs. cottonseed meal, 300 lbs. at ;?20 per ton, avererage price, 3 00 

;?i6 00 

100 days average gain per day, 3 lbs 300 lbs. 

100 days, original weight 500 lbs. 

800 lbs. 
Selling price at 4 cents per lb I32 00 

making the difference between $32, selling price, and $16, cost, per steer, or a profit of Jjii6 in 
100 days' feeding or 100 per cent. 

The conclusions arrived at in the above table, /'. ^., making, say, 100 per cent., or 5i6 on 
one steer, or $1,600 on 100 steers in 100 days. This, I believe, any ^-ar^/// feeder can do. 
You will notice that I have made no charge either way for the labor or care of the steers, or 
for the valuable fertilizer derived from their droppings." 

46 



POULTRY AND EGGS. 

The local consumption of poultry and eggs is far in excess of the local supply. Immense 
quantities of chickens, ducks, guineas, geese, turkeys and eggs are shipped into Brunswick 
each week. Yet invariably success has been attained by those who have gone into this 
industry here. At the Southeastern Fair, held in Brunswick in November, 1899, the exhibit 
of Glynn county raised fowls of various kinds afforded a practical illustration of what can be 
accomplished in raising for market and breeding purposes. Mr. Fred. Baumgartner and Mr. 
Louis Mayer have been highly successful in their efforts ; and there is not a farmer who has 
not his broods of chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese, with their eggs, but only bringing his 
surplus to a market that is anxious for more home-raised products. Not only is the local 
market demanding those products, but there are excellent opportunities for shipment to Florida 
and other points. 

DAIRY AND CREAMERY. 

There are five dairy farms supplying the needs of the city. The cows are mostly of the 
Jersey breed. None of the dairies make a specialty of cream, butter, butter-milk, cheese, or 
any bi-products of milk. But a very small amount of these products are made in the county, 
although the demand is unusually large for the size of the city. These products, when of 
home manufacture, bring a premium on the market price. The demand for creamery has 
been steadily increasing until now there is an excellent opportunity for one. Large, natural 
ranges for cattle, favorable climatic conditions, and labor, with home-raised foodstuffs, afford a 
condition that should be an inducement. 



APIARY. 



Bee culture has been undertaken on a small scale for several years, and has proven highly 
profitable. The local market consumes large quantities and prefers the local product at a premium. 



FISHERIES. 

• , -1 ru-nn county is bounded and 
fis^h kind. county, and about one- 

,,e .e„3,„ .dust. .-VkS^s-^p-:.^^^^^^^^ 
Terrapin. j,„„d for this eP'C".;ean de cac> c ^^ ^^^ ^^^,^,„ ,„„Uets. 

hundred do.en were shipped fro™ here dur.ng P 

-tt^iLir:rnrJs='^wlrh^^^r\.ere„cei^ 

river product is also large. ^^.^ .^^^^^^ -^ 

The sa.e waters s^V^J,lX%,T^J^^^^^^ 
Sturgeon. ^^.^ ;„ position to be better devJopea. 

in the state. 



pv.. The miscellaneous fisheries comprise oysters, crabs, shrimp, clams, terra- 

pin, turtles and an endless variety of marketable scale fish as bass, snapper, 
Fisheries, trout, bream, perch, flounder, blackfish, yellow-tail whiting, drum, young-drum, 
sheephead, angelfish, Spanish mackerel, skipjack, silverfish, mullet, tautog, cat- 
fish (fresh and salt water) sucker, eel (fresh and salt water), grouper, croker, etc. 

Opportunities are here for extensive fish industry, such as iced shipments, salting, pick- 
ling and various packing processes. 



GAflE. 



The deer that the Indian stalked in the days before the advent of his pale-face successor 
have descended by undiminished generations through the years, and still remain as fleet as 
ever, as timid as ever, and the game of game. In the thickets of the forests of the county many 
are shot each season, affording a luxury of venison dishes. Then there is the quick and alert 
squirrel, the rabbit, the "possum" ; among the winged game is the quail, or partridge, the dove, 
the rice-birds, the wild goose, turkey, and various ducks. A little pamphlet issued by the Southern 
Railway truly states : " In Georgia the shooting opportunities along the coast have attained 
unusual distinction and repute because of preserves like Jekyl Island and other resorts of 
wealthy men who are fond of rod and gun. Brunswick is the center of this life." 



RAW HATERIALS. 



The available amount of raw material in the county for market demand and as a base, 
or auxilliary, for manufacturing purposes, comprise, timber, clays, fibre, sand and medicinal 
herbs. 



Timber ^ survey just made of this county alone shows that there are 5,000,000 feet of 

cypress, 10,000,000 feet of sweet gum, 5,000,000 feet of beech gum, 3,000,000 

feet of white oak, 3,000,000 feet of ash, 5,000,000 feet of post oak, 5,000,000 feet of live oak, 

1,000,000 feet of hickory, and 10,000,000 feet of pine, 2,000,000 feet of palmetto. A total of 

49,000,000. 

^1 There is an abundance of brick clays in many places, convenient to 

water and railroad transportation. They are located at points beginning six 
miles from the city. 

pil^ The ever-present scrub-palmetto and cabbage-palm supply an excellent 

fibre, which is made from the long leaves, and highly suitable for upholstery 
purposes, mattresses, packing and for moulders' cores, also for brooms and brushes. A ton 
(2,000 pounds) of leaves will yield from 800 to 900 pounds of fibre. Spanish moss, an air- 
plant that grows luxuriantly upon the trees, is also an excellent fibre for mattresses, packing 
and general upholstering purposes. The wire-grass growing ever)where throughout the 
county is used in the manufacture of door-mats, baskets, and is suitable for ropes, etc. The 
marsh grasses are also used for basket and mat manufacture. 

Cgnj There are exhaustless deposits of sand in the various streams that is 

adapted for building purposes of mortar and cement work ; for tile manufae- 
tury, and for roof covering, and available sands for glass manufacture. 

ij . Among the medicinal and commercial roots and herbs in available quan- 

tities for marketing are yellow jessamine, Jerusalem oak, poke root, sasafras 
root, sun-flower seed, deer tongue, wild cherry, prickly ash, etc. 



v» 



AIANUFACTURING SITES , BUSINESS LOCATIONS, 

T I -M B E R AND M I N E R A L LA N I) S , 

FARMvS, I:\iprovi-:d and Uni.mprovki^ 

. . . along . . . 

SOUXHKRN RAILW^AY. 

For particulars, call on or address the Land and Industrial Department of 
the vSouthern Railway. 

AOENCIES: 

CliioaKo, 111 ., J. V. OLSEN. A^cnt 22r. Dearborn Street. 

St. Ivoiiis. 51()., CM AS. s. en ASK, Aiceiit ...Chemical Building. 
I<.>.stoii. Jliiss., W. A. MOYEIl. A^vnt... .'KS WilshiUKton Street. 
Cliatt;iii<viK:i. Tcnii.. W. .1. lIliRLliUT, Ageut.l22 W. Sth Street. 

JIol.lli-, Ala., W. I,. UF.XUKUSON, ARcnt 

BinnliiK'hi.m, .Via.. <'. K. GAY, .Ir., Tr;iv. Afrent. ...Morris B'll'g. 
Atlanta, Ua., E. V. W'ARU, Agent Equitalile Bulldiiis,'. 

M. V. RICHARDS, Land and Industrial Agent, Washington, D. C, U. S. A. 



^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




